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Objective:To explore the current status of surgery for portal hypertension to grasp current status and future development of surgery in China.Methods:This study is jointly sponsored by China Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Specialist Alliance & Portal Hypertension Alliance in China (CHESS).Comprehensive surveying is conducted for basic domestic situations of surgery for portal hypertension, including case load, surgical approaches, management of postoperative complications, primary effects, existing confusion and obstacles, liver transplantation(LT), laparoscopic procedures and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS), etc.Results:A total of 8 512 cases of portal hypertension surgery are performed at 378 hospitals nationwide in 2021.Splenectomy plus devascularization predominated(53.0%)and laparoscopy accounted for 76.1%.Primary goal is preventing rebleeding(67.0%) and 72.8% of hospitals used preventive anticoagulants after conventional surgery.And 80.7% of teams believe that the formation of postoperative portal vein thrombosis is a surgical dilemma and 65.3% of hospitals practiced both laparoscopy and TIPS.The major reasons for patients with portal hypertension not receiving LT are due to a lack of qualifications for LT(69.3%)and economic factors(69.0%).Conclusions:Surgery is an integral part of management of portal hypertension in China.However, it is imperative to further standardize the grasp of surgical indications, the handling of surgical operation and the management of postoperative complications.Moreover, prospective, multi-center randomized controlled clinical studies should be performed.
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Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis, treat-ment and prognosis of gallbladder cancer in China from 2010 to 2017.Methods:The single disease retrospective registration cohort study was conducted. Based on the concept of the real world study, the clinicopathological data, from multicenter retrospective clinical data database of gallbladder cancer of Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC), of 6 159 patients with gallbladder cancer who were admitted to 42 hospitals from January 2010 to December 2017 were collected. Observation indicators: (1) case resources; (2) age and sex distribution; (3) diagnosis; (4) surgical treatment and prognosis; (5) multimodality therapy and prognosis. The follow-up data of the 42 hospitals were collected and analyzed by the CRGGC. The main outcome indicator was the overall survival time from date of operation for surgical patients or date of diagnosis for non-surgical patients to the end of outcome event or the last follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribu-tion were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3) or M(range), and com-parison between groups was conducted using the U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Univariate analysis was performed using the Logistic forced regression model, and variables with P<0.1 in the univariate analysis were included for multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Logistic stepwise regression model. The life table method was used to calculate survival rates and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves. Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Case resources: of the 42 hospitals, there were 35 class A of tertiary hospitals and 7 class B of tertiary hospitals, 16 hospitals with high admission of gallbladder cancer and 26 hospitals with low admission of gallbladder cancer, respectively. Geographical distribution of the 42 hospitals: there were 9 hospitals in central China, 5 hospitals in northeast China, 22 hospitals in eastern China and 6 hospitals in western China. Geographical distribution of the 6 159 patients: there were 2 154 cases(34.973%) from central China, 705 cases(11.447%) from northeast China, 1 969 cases(31.969%) from eastern China and 1 331 cases(21.611%) from western China. The total average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of the 6 159 patients was 18.3±4.5 per year, in which the average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of 4 974 patients(80.760%) from hospitals with high admission of gallbladder cancer was 38.8±8.9 per year and the average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of 1 185 patients(19.240%) from hospitals with low admission of gallbladder cancer was 5.7±1.9 per year. (2) Age and sex distribution: the age of 6 159 patients diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 64(56,71) years, in which the age of 2 247 male patients(36.483%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 64(58,71)years and the age of 3 912 female patients(63.517%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 63(55,71)years. The sex ratio of female to male was 1.74:1. Of 6 159 patients, 3 886 cases(63.095%) were diagnosed as gallbladder cancer at 56 to 75 years old. There was a significant difference on age at diagnosis between male and female patients ( Z=-3.99, P<0.001). (3) Diagnosis: of 6 159 patients, 2 503 cases(40.640%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 3 656 cases(59.360%) were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. There were 2 110 patients(34.259%) not undergoing surgical treatment, of which 200 cases(9.479%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 1 910 cases(90.521%) were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. There were 4 049 patients(65.741%) undergoing surgical treatment, of which 2 303 cases(56.878%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 1 746 cases(43.122%) were initial diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. Of the 1 746 patients who were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer, there were 774 cases(19.116%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer during operation and 972 cases(24.006%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer after operation. Of 6 159 patients, there were 2 521 cases(40.932%), 2 335 cases(37.912%) and 1 114 cases(18.087%) undergoing ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination before initial diagnosis, respec-tively, and there were 3 259 cases(52.914%), 3 172 cases(51.502%) and 4 016 cases(65.205%) undergoing serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 or CA125 examination before initially diagnosis, respectively. One patient may underwent multiple examinations. Results of univariate analysis showed that geographical distribution of hospitals (eastern China or western China), age ≥72 years, gallbladder cancer annual admission of hospitals, whether undergoing ultrasound, CT, MRI, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 or CA125 examination before initially diagnosis were related factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients ( odds ratio=1.45, 1.98, 0.69, 0.68, 2.43, 0.41, 1.63, 0.41, 0.39, 0.42, 95% confidence interval as 1.21-1.74, 1.64-2.40, 0.59-0.80, 0.60-0.78, 2.19-2.70, 0.37-0.45, 1.43-1.86, 0.37-0.45, 0.35-0.43, 0.38-0.47, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that geographical distribution of hospitals (eastern China or western China), sex, age ≥72 years, gallbladder cancer annual admission of hospitals and cases undergoing ultrasound, CT, serum CA19-9 examination before initially diagnosis were indepen-dent influencing factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients ( odds ratio=1.36, 1.42, 0.89, 0.67, 1.85, 1.56, 1.57, 0.39, 95% confidence interval as 1.13-1.64, 1.16-1.73, 0.79-0.99, 0.57-0.78, 1.60-2.14, 1.38-1.77, 1.38-1.79, 0.35-0.43, P<0.05). (4) Surgical treatment and prognosis. Of the 4 049 patients undergoing surgical treatment, there were 2 447 cases(60.435%) with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data. Cases with pathological staging as stage 0, stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲa, stage Ⅲb, stage Ⅳa and stage Ⅳb were 85(3.474%), 201(8.214%), 71(2.902%), 890(36.371%), 382(15.611%), 33(1.348%) and 785(32.080%), respectively. The median follow-up time and median postoperative overall survival time of the 2 447 cases were 55.75 months (95% confidence interval as 52.78-58.35) and 23.46 months (95% confidence interval as 21.23-25.71), respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between cases with pathological staging as stage 0, stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲa, stage Ⅲb, stage Ⅳa and stage Ⅳb ( χ2=512.47, P<0.001). Of the 4 049 patients undergoing surgical treatment, there were 2 988 cases(73.796%) with resectable tumor, 177 cases(4.371%) with unresectable tumor and 884 cases(21.833%) with tumor unassessable for resectabi-lity. Of the 2 988 cases with resectable tumor, there were 2 036 cases(68.139%) undergoing radical resection, 504 cases(16.867%) undergoing non-radical resection and 448 cases(14.994%) with operation unassessable for curative effect. Of the 2 447 cases with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data who underwent surgical treatment, there were 53 cases(2.166%) with unresectable tumor, 300 cases(12.260%) with resectable tumor and receiving non-radical resection, 1 441 cases(58.888%) with resectable tumor and receiving radical resection, 653 cases(26.686%) with resectable tumor and receiving operation unassessable for curative effect. There were 733 cases not undergoing surgical treatment with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between cases not undergoing surgical treatment, cases undergoing surgical treatment for unresectable tumor, cases undergoing non-radical resection for resectable tumor and cases undergoing radical resection for resectable tumor ( χ2=121.04, P<0.001). (5) Multimodality therapy and prognosis: of 6 159 patients, there were 541 cases(8.784%) under-going postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and advanced chemotherapy, 76 cases(1.234%) under-going radiotherapy. There were 1 170 advanced gallbladder cancer (pathological staging ≥stage Ⅲa) patients undergoing radical resection, including 126 cases(10.769%) with post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and 1 044 cases(89.231%) without postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and cases without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( χ2=0.23, P=0.629). There were 658 patients with pathological staging as stage Ⅲa who underwent radical resection, including 66 cases(10.030%) with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 592 cases(89.970%) without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and cases without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( χ2=0.05, P=0.817). There were 512 patients with pathological staging ≥stage Ⅲb who underwent radical resection, including 60 cases(11.719%) with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 452 cases(88.281%) without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy and cases without post-operative adjuvant chemo-therapy ( χ2=1.50, P=0.220). Conclusions:There are more women than men with gallbladder cancer in China and more than half of patients are diagnosed at the age of 56 to 75 years. Cases undergoing ultrasound, CT, serum CA19-9 examination before initial diagnosis are independent influencing factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients. Preoperative resectability evaluation can improve the therapy strategy and patient prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy for gallbladder cancer is not standardized and in low proportion in China.
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COVID-19 has swept across the world, causing widespread epidemics and millions of life lost worldwide. After infected with 2019-nCoV, the body quickly mobilizes the innate immune response and produces type Ⅰ interferon (IFN-Ⅰ). IFN-Ⅰ plays an important role in virus clearance in the early stage of disease. This article reviews the innate immune recognition after virus infection and the interaction between 2019-nCoV and IFN-Ⅰ, which would be conductive to understanding the pathogenesis and antiviral treatment of COVID-19.
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Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) discovered in December 2019, the disease has emerged as a global pandemic (Shi et al., 2020; World Health Organization, 2020). Several studies have shown a higher incidence of COVID-19, as well as related poor outcomes in patients with malignancies as compared with those without them (Liang et al., 2020; Tian et al., 2020). The impact of cancer on COVID-19 may be attri‑buted to the use of antitumor treatments that may disturb the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection (Wang et al., 2020), while the current studies on this topic have drawn controversial conclusions. Some implied that anticancer treatments might elevate the risk of death (García-Suárez et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020). On the contrary, others pointed out that this association is not significant (Brar et al., 2020; Lee et al., 2020a). Although previous systematic reviews have investigated this important issue (Wang and Huang, 2020), the heterogeneity of findings is obvious and the general conclusion has remained unclear. Considering this ambiguity, it is difficult for clinicians to make therapeutic decisions when facing patients with both cancer and COVID-19; therefore, a high-quality and accurate evaluation of the impact of anticancer treatments on COVID-19 patients is necessary. Accordingly, we conducted a pooled analysis with the original data of each patient for the first time to provide a comprehensive perspective into the association between anticancer regimens and the outcomes of cancer patients with COVID-19.
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , COVID-19/complications , Neoplasms/therapy , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
The pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which began in December 2019, has become the most serious public health problem, threatening people's health and life. This threat is posing a severe challenge on the diagnosis and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection, the prevention and control of hospital cross infection of medical staff. It is suggested that in addition to strengthening the organization and leadership of the abovementioned work, establishing and improving the prevention and control mechanism deserve greater attention. Furthermore, special attention should be given to the safety of the medical staff, strengthening their infection monitoring and outbreak management. Medical staff in different work areas and positions should be placed under careful protection, cleaning and disinfection measures. The protection during specimen collection, transportation and medical waste management should also be prioritized. This paper also put forward management suggestions for the outpatient department, isolation ward and other key departments. These measures are proposed to provide a guidance for the prevention and control of 2019-nCoV nosocomial infection in the pediatric outpatient and ward.
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Objective:To explore the correlation between the semiquantitative score of bone ultrasound and the WOMAC OA index in knee osteoarthritis.Methods:From March 2017 to December 2018, 118 patients with knee osteoarthritis diagnosed and treated in Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected in the research.The patients' bone erosion, joint effusion, synovium hyperplasia and meniscus were evaluated by ultrasound semiquantitative scoring system.Osteoarthritis index of the patients was investigated at the same time.The correlation between the semiquantitative score of myoskeletal ultrasound and WOMAC OA index in knee osteoarthritis was analyzed.Results:In 118 patients with knee osteoarthritis, the semiquantitative scores of myoskeletal ultrasound of bone erosion was (2.33±0.37)points, joint effusion was (2.05±0.26)points, synovial hyperplasia was (2.24±0.15)points, abnormal meniscus position was (1.67±0.28)points, meniscus shape and signal was (1.15±0.14)points.The WOMAC OA index scores of patients' pain was (29.52±6.68)points, stiffness was (11.43±3.78)points, dysfunction was (93.85±18.73)points, and total score was (134.80±29.19)points.The scores of bone erosion, joint effusion, synovium hyperplasia and meniscus in semiquantitative score of muscle and bone ultrasound were positively correlated with the total score of WOMAC OA index( r=0.435, 0.317, 0.429, 0.294, 0.282, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Semiquantitative score of muscle and bone ultrasound can better reflect the degree of knee joint injury, which is positively correlated with WOMAC OA index.We can use the semiquantitative score of muscle and bone ultrasound and WOMAC OA index to predict the condition of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
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The epidemic of COVID-19 has become the topmost public health threat worldwide. The authors suggested that in addition to strengthening the organization and leadership of the abovementioned work, greater attention be paid to establishing and improving the prevention and control mechanism.Furthermore, special efforts should be given to the safety of the medical workers, by strengthening their infection monitoring and outbreak management. Medical workers in different work areas and positions should be placed under careful protection with due cleaning and disinfection measures. The protection during specimen collection, transportation and medical waste management should also be prioritized. Such special issues in the management of pediatric patients, as allocation of nurses, the screening and management of caregivers, the problem of breastfeeding, and the disinfection of children′s toys and diapers were discussed. This paper also put forward management suggestions for the outpatient department, isolation ward and other key departments, which aim to guide the prevention and control of COVID-19 nosocomial infection in the pediatric outpatient and ward.
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Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease. The therapeutic options of advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis mainly include: operation combined with drug treatment, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, focus puncture drainage, drug treatment, liver transplantation. The individualized and comprehensive treatment mainly based on surgery is an ideal treatment method for advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. This paper summarized the related literature at home and abroad, combined with clinical practice, and summarized the current situation and progress of the treatment of advanced hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.
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Objective To investigate whether the expression of metal matrix protease-9 (MMp-9) changes with altitude in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) lung injury by establishing SAP model in rats.The related indexes of pancreas and lung injury and MMp-9 were measured.Methods 280 SPF male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to different altitude groups to establish SAP model,then the serum amylase (AMY) content of each group were detected.The degree of pancreatic injury and pancreatic pathological score were observed under light microscope.The expression level of MMP-9 in lung tissues was measured and analyzed by statistical methods.Results (1) At the same altitude,the expression of MMP-9 in each time group increased with time,with statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05).(2) AMY value,pathological score of pancreas and expression of MMP-9 in lung tissue increased with the altitude in the same time group at different altitudes,with statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05).Conclusions The higher the altitude,the more severe the damage of SAP and lung,and the higher the expression level of MMP-9.
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Objective To observe the indexes of liver injury and the expression of inflammation-related factor interleukin-10 (IL-10) in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and to discuss the correlation between the expression of IL-10 and the related factors of liver injury in SAP rats at different altitudes. Methods 280 male Wistar rats with SPF grade aged 5 to 6 months were divided into four groups according to random number table with 70 rats in each group, and the rats were placed in different altitudes such as Xi'an (at an altitude of 1 027 m), Xining (at an altitude of 2 260 m), Xinghai (at an altitude of 3 300 m) and Wenquan (at an altitude of 3 950 m). The rats in each altitude were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham group, n = 10) and SAP 1, 6, 12, 24 hours groups (all n = 15). SAP rat model was reproduced by injecting sodium cholate into the posterior membrane of pancreas, and the rats of Sham group were only turned pancreas over several times after opening the abdomen and then closed the abdomen. The rats were sacrificed at the corresponding time points after model reproduction in SAP groups, and rats in Sham group were sacrificed at 6 hours after sham operation. At the same time, the abdominal aorta blood was harvested, and the contents of serum amylase (AMY), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer. Liver tissues were harvested, and the expression level of IL-10 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Pancreatic tissues were harvested, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the pathological changes under light microscopy. The correlations among the indicators were analyzed by Pearson correlation. Results At different altitudes, no significant abnormality was found in the pancreas of Sham group, but significant pathological changes were found in the pancreas of all SAP groups, mainly manifested as pancreatic acinar swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular congestion and hemorrhage, acinar cell degeneration and dissolution, changes in glandular lobule structure, peri-pancreatic fat necrosis, and continuous aggravation with the increasing of time and altitude. At the same altitude, the pancreatic pathology score, the serum AMY, ALT and AST levels, and the hepatic IL-10 expression were all significantly increased in all the SAP groups as compared with those in Sham group, and they were continuously increased with time. In Sham group, there was no statistically significant difference in pancreatic pathology score, AMY, ALT, AST, or IL-10 level among different altitudes. At the corresponding time point after model reproduction, the pancreatic pathology score, AMY, ALT, AST and IL-10 levels in the SAP groups were also shown a continuous rising tendency with altitude increase, and the differences in above parameters of SAP 24 hours group in Wenquan area were statistically significant as compared with those of Sham group [pathology score: 11.06±0.94 vs. 0.23±0.15, AMY (mmol/L): 2 706.6±208.3 vs. 336.5±94.3, ALT (U/L): 267.00±5.37 vs. 52.00±4.84, AST (U/L): 465.88±11.02 vs. 139.00±11.61, IL-10 (A value): 0.579±0.006 vs. 0.281±0.006, all P < 0.05]. It was shown by correlation analysis that IL-10 of SAP rats at different altitudes was positively correlated with pancreatic pathology score, AMY, ALT and AST, the correlation coefficient (r value) between IL-10 and the above indicators in the Wenquan area with the highest altitude was 0.959, 0.928, 0.977, 0.983, respectively (all P < 0.01). Conclusions The severity of SAP rats was positively correlated with altitude. IL-10 was involved in the pathological expression process of SAP liver damage, and its expression level was positively correlated with altitude and the degree of SAP liver damage.
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Objective@#To establish a screening system for anti-metastatic small-molecule compounds based on perinucleolar compartment (PNC) prevalence in liver cancer cells and to investigate its validity.@*Methods@#Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) monoclonal antibody was used to measure the PNC prevalence in HepG2, HepG2M, and Huh7 cells, and wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to analyze the migration and invasion abilities of hepatoma cells. HepG2M cells were used as the model for the screening of anti-metastatic small-molecule compounds, and after the treatment with the compounds A1, A4, and E696, qPCR was used to measure the expression of metastasis-related miRNAs (miR-141 and miR-200c). A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of data between multiple groups.@*Results@#PTB immunofluorescence assay showed that HepG2M cells had the highest PNC prevalence, followed by Huh7 and HepG2 cells, and PNC prevalence was positively correlated with the metastasis and invasion abilities of hepatoma cells. The PNC prevalence of HepG2M cells was reduced to 22.88% ±4.61% by A1, 14.22% ± 3.05% by A4, and 26.12% ± 4.94% by E696. Wound healing assay showed that the 48-hour scratch ratio increased from 17.70% ± 3.34% to 64.50% ± 2.65%, 83.40% ± 5.10%, and 57.20% ± 3.06% (F = 171.1, P < 0.01), respectively. Transwell assay showed that the number of invasive cells was reduced from 264.33 ± 30.50 to 104.33 ± 13.50, 58.00 ± 11.00, and 111.33 ± 19.50 (F = 59.87, P < 0.01), respectively. The anti-metastatic effect of these three compounds was positively correlated with their ability to destroy PNC. A4 upregulated the expression of miR-141 and miR-200c in a dose-dependent manner, and after HepG2M cells were treated with A4 at a concentration of 5 μM, 10 μM, or 20 μM, the level of miR-141 was increased to 3.61 ± 0.78, 8.12 ± 1.15, and 18.24 ± 2.44 folds (F = 88.01, P < 0.01), respectively, and that of miR-200c was increased to 2.82 ± 0.43, 4.82 ± 0.89, and 10.74 ± 1.22 folds (F = 87.94, P < 0.01), respectively.@*Conclusion@#The screening system for anti-metastatic small-molecule compounds based on PNC prevalence can provide an effective technical platform for research and development of anti-metastatic drugs for liver cancer.
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The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire was used for appraisal in a newly-built general hospital for all the nursing staff, and they were provided with a six-month safety culture training according to appraisal results.The training has elevated the positive response rate of the nursing staff towards all dimensions of patient safety culture, proving that scientific and reasonable safety culture training is conducive to nurses' perception of patient safety culture.
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Objective To explore the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP-11) gene in gastric cancer and its correlation with transcription factor Sp1.Methods The expressions of the MMP-11 and Sp1 in level of RNA and protein in 11 specimens from the gastric cancer patients s were detected by RT-PCR,differential PCR and Western-blot,respectively.Results Electrophoresis illustration showed MMP-11 mRNA expression had significant differences in eight pairs of gastric cancer tissues and normal tissues,including 7 pairs of over expressed in gastric cancer tissues and low or no expression in normal tissues,and 1 pair of low expression in cancer tissues but high in normal tissues.The relative molecular weight of Sp1 protein was mainly 95×103 in cancer tissue and 106×103 in normal tissues.Activated MMP-11 protein mainly was over expressed in gastric cancer tissues,and low or no expression in normal tissues,but degradable MMP-1 1 protein was not observed.The enzyme prototype of and activated type of MMP-11 protein were also associated with Sp1 protein.Conclusions The MMP-11 mRNA expression in gastric tissue is higher than that in the adjacent tissues.Sp1 protein and MMP-11 protein are expressed in gastric cancer,but are low or no expression in normal tissue.There is relationship between Spl and MMP-11.
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Objective To explore the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP-11) gene in gastric cancer cells and its correlation with transcription factor Sp1.Methods T In the present study,the expression of the MMP-11 was studied and the importance of Sp1 in the expression of the MMP-11 was proved with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),differential PCR,Western-Blot,and DNA sequencing analysis in 10 kinds of the gastric cancer cell lines.Results MMP-11 cDNA was amplified with RT-PCR and differential PCR.In 34 cycle,the MMP-11/β-actin of SNU16,BGC823,MKN45,SGC7901,MGC803,SNU5 and PAMC82 were 3.32 ±0.12,2.22 ±0.11,1.41 ±0.12,1.35 ± 0.05,1.19 ± 0.05,0.97 ± 0.05,and 0.79 ± 0.05 (F =371.54,P ＜ 0.001).DNA sequencing analysis and BLAST showed the MMP11/β-actin of SNU16 DNA was 2 ～2.5 times as much as that of others.This result indicated that MMP-11 gene was amplified on the SNU16 DNA.Differential PCR and DNA sequencing analysis were carried out to amplify the MMP-11 gene in the SNU16 cell.Toward a better understanding of transcription of the MMP-1 1 gene,bioinformics technology was used to demonstrate the existence of two GC-boxes of the 5'-flanking region of MMP-11 DNA.Sp1 protein and MMP-11 protein were over-expressed in tumor cells and tended to have correlation with them (r =0.951,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The present results described the expressions of MMP-11 and Sp1 in gastric cancer cells.Moreover and clarified the correlation between MMP-11 and Sp1.It will establish the basic theory in order to confirm further whether Sp1 is a significant promoter of the 5'-flanking region of MMP-11 DNA.
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Objective To investigate the extent of pancreatic and liver function damage of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) rats under altitude hypoxia environment,and to provide a reference for better diagnosis and treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in the plateau region.Methods Ninety-six specific pathogen free (SPF) Wistar male rats were involved in 1 500 meters,3 300 meters and 4 300 meters altitude.The model of ANP was established by using pancreatic capsule injection of sodium taurocholate (NaTc).In the sham operation group,the rats' belly was opened and closed after only flipping its pancreas several times.Rats in sham group were sacrificed at 6 h,and ANP group were sacrificed at 6,12,24 h after modeling.Serum amylase activity was measured,and pancreas and liver tissue were harvested for pathological examination and score.Results Serum amylase activity in sham operation group rats was not remarkably changed,and pathological changes of pancreas and liver were not obvious.At same altitude,serum amylase activity,pancreas and liver pathology score of ANP rats at each time point were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group;and serum amylase activity,pancreas and liver pathology scores of ANP 12,24 h group rats were significantly higher than those of ANP 6h group;and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).At 3 300 meters,4 300 meters altitude,the pancreas and liver pathology scores of ANP rats at each time point were significantly higher than those at 1 500 meters altitude,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),but the difference in serum amylase activity was not statistically significant.Conclusions With the increase of altitude,pancreatic and liver pathological damage of ANP rats shows continuing aggravation.
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Cytokine storm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver failure.It is closely related to hepatocyte necrosis in the clini-cal course and the prognosis of this disease.With Kupffer cells as a clue,it is elucidated that related cells and cytokines influence each other and jointly function in the development and progression of liver failure,leading to serious liver tissue damage and necrosis.Cytokine -based research can help improve early diagnosis,disease assessment,and individualized treatment for liver failure.
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Objective To investigate the induction and function of circulating CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells(CD4+CD25+ Treg cells)in patients with chronic hepatitis B,and their role in the progress of chronic HBV infection.Methods Twenty two patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB),11 patients with acute hepatitis B(AHB)and 20 healthy blood donators were enrolled in the study.After stimulating with recombinant HBV antigen or anti-CD3 mAb,the fraction of CD4+ CD25+Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)from different subjects was analyzed using flow cytometry.CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and effector cells(PBMC-Treg)were sorted out and cultured alone or together in vitro,and the cell proliferation and cytokines production were measured. Serum HBV titers,HBV markers and liver function were also evaluated.Results The fraction of circulating CD4+CD25+ Treg cells induced in PBMC from CHB patients under the stimulation of recombinant HBsAg was much higher than that in AHB patients(F=3.47,P＜0.05)and normal controls(F=4.98,P＜0.05).With HBsAg stimulation,cell proliferation and cytokines production (IFN-γand IL-10)of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells either from patients or from normal controls was very low when cultured alone,and there was no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).Cell proliferation and IFN-γproduction of effector cells from AHB patients were higher than those from CHB patients,however,when effector cells were cultured with CD4+Cd25+Treg cells at a ratio of 5:1,the cell proliferation and IFN-γ production were significantly inhibited (F=4.66,5.24,P＜0.05).Conclusion Circulating nificantly suppress the production and IFN-γ production of effector T Cells,which may be associated with the progress of chronic HBV infection.
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Objective: To observe the morphologic changes of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) cells in Wistar rats at different altitudes, and clarify the mechanism of stress reaction to hypoxia in ACTH cells. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into three groups and moved to different altitudes (1700 m, 3100 m, 4050 m). After 12 days, changes of ACTH cells were observed by using immunohistochemisty, image analysis and electron microscopy. Results:The ratio (R) of immunoreactive cell area to scanned area and mean optical density (A) increased at higher altitude with statistically different R values between groups of 1700 m and 4050 m (P
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Objective To explore the changes of CD4~+ cell and relevant cytokines from chronic hepatitis B patients and the significance was discussed. Methods The expression of CD4,CD8 and CD28 molecules on PBMC was detected with Flow Cytometry.The levels of IL-2,IFN-?,IL-4,IL-10 and IL-12 in serum were measured with ELISA,and the liver function test including serum ALT,SB,ALP and albumin was conducted. Results Three conditions of CD4~+ ratio from PBMC in 86 patients were observed,that showed lower,similar or higher comparing with normal controls.According to CD4~+T cell ratio,the patients were divided into 3 groups.In three groups,the changes of CD28 expression paralleled to that of CD4~+T cell ratio.Except IL-4,the level of cytokines related to viral clearance such as IL-2,IFN-?,IL-10 and IL-12 in patients was elevated compared with controls(P